CPUs are at the heart of every computing device, from phones and laptops to servers and game consoles. Over the last 50+ years, CPU architecture has undergone dramatic transformations, driven by the relentless pursuit of performance, energy efficiency, and new computing paradigms. This article focuses on how CPUs evolved at the architectural level, from the Intel 4004 — the world’s first commercial CPU — through the innovations of the late 20th century like the x86 architecture, the parallel rise of RISC designs like ARM, and finally to today’s heterogeneous multi-chiplet SoCs from the likes of Intel, AMD, and Apple. What […]
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